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The history of bonsai is long and storied. Bonsai first appeared in China over a thousand years ago on a very basic scale, known aspun-sai. Pun-sai was the practice of growing single specimen trees in pots. These early specimens displayed little foliage and rugged, gnarled trunks which often looked like animals, dragons and birds. There are a great number of myths and legends surrounding Chinese bonsai. The grotesque or animal-like trunks and root formations are still highly prized today.
With Japan’s adoption of many cultural trademarks of China – bonsai was also taken up, introduced to Japan during the Kamakura period (1185 – 1333) by means of Zen Buddhism – which at this time was rapidly spreading around Asia. The exact time is debatable, although it is possible that it had arrived in AD 1195 as there appears to be a reference to it in a Japanese scroll attributed to that period.
Once bonsai was introduced into Japan, the art was refined to an extent not yet approached in China.
Over time, the simple trees were not just confined to the Buddhist monks and their monasteries, but also later were introduced to be representative of the aristocracy – a symbol of prestige and honor. The ideals and philosophy of bonsai were greatly changed over the years. For the Japanese, bonsai represents a fusion of strong ancient beliefs with the Eastern philosophies of the harmony between man, the soul and nature.
In an ancient Japanese scroll written in Japan around the Kamakura period, it is translated to say:”To appreciate and find pleasure in curiously curved potted trees is to love deformity”.
Whether this was intended as a positive or negative statement, it leaves us to believe that growing dwarfed and twisted trees in containers was an accepted practice among the upper class of Japan by the Kamakura period.
By the fourteenth century bonsai was indeed viewed as a highly refined art form, meaning that it must have been an established practice many years before that time.
Bonsai were brought indoors for display at special times by the ‘Japanese elite’ and became an important part of Japanese life by being displayed on specially designed shelves. These complex plants were no longer permanently reserved for outdoor display, although the practices of training and pruning did not develop until later – the small trees at this time still being taken from the wild.
In the 17th and 18th century, the Japanese arts reached their peak and were regarded very highly. Bonsai again evolved to a much higher understanding and refinement of nature – although the containers used seemed to be slightly deeper than those used today. The main factor in maintaining bonsai was now the removal of all but the most important parts of the plant. The reduction of everything just to the essential elements and ultimate refinement was very symbolic of the Japanese philosophy of this time.
At around this time, bonsai also became commonplace to the general Japanese public – which greatly increased demand for the small trees collected from the wild and firmly established the art form within the culture and traditions of the country.
Over time, bonsai began to take on different styles, each which varied immensely from one another. Bonsai artists gradually looked into introducing other culturally important elements in their bonsai plantings such as rocks, accent plants, and even small buildings and people which is known as the art ofbon-kei. They also looked at reproducing miniature landscapes in nature – known assai-keiwhich further investigated the diverse range of artistic possibilities for bonsai.
Finally, in the mid-19th century, after more than 230 years of global isolation, Japan opened itself up to the rest of the world. Word soon spread from travelers who visited Japan of the miniature trees in ceramiccontainers which mimicked aged, mature, tall trees in nature. Further exhibitions in London, Vienna and Paris in the latter part of the century – especially the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 opened the world’s eyes up to bonsai.
Due to this phenomenal upsurge in the demand for bonsai, the now widely expanding industry and lack of naturally-forming, stunted plants led to the commercial production of bonsai by artists through training young plants to grow to look like bonsai. Several basic styles were adopted, and artists made use of wire, bamboo skewers and growing techniques to do this – allowing the art to evolve even further. The Japanese learned to capitalize on the interest in this art form very quickly – opening up nurseries dedicated solely to grow, train and then export bonsai trees.
Different plants were now being used to cater for worldwide climates and to produce neater foliage and more suitable growth habits. Bonsai techniques such as raising trees from seed or cuttings and the styling and grafting of unusual, different or tender material onto hardy root stock were further developed.
Bonsai has now evolved to reflect changing tastes and times – with a great variety of countries, cultures and conditions in which it is now practiced.
In Japan today, bonsai are highly regarded as a symbol of their culture and ideals. The New Year is not complete unless thetokonoma- the special niche in every Japanese home used for the display of ornaments and prized possessions – is filled with a blossoming apricot or plum tree. Bonsai is no longer reserved for the upper-class, but is a joy shared by executive and factory worker alike.
The Japanese tend to focus on using native species for their bonsai – namely pines, azaleas and maples (regarded as the traditional bonsai plants). In other countries however, people are more open to other opinions.
The evolution of bonsai over the past two centuries is truly amazing. Perhaps it is symbolic of how small the world is getting as people from Europe to the United States and even in Greenland are exploring bonsai as a hobby.
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Are you enthusiastic about developing bonsai but obtain you are on a tight budget? The great news is that you can obtain numerous species of low cost trees, savoring the art without breaking the bank. Lots of occasions, folks feel that purchasing a discount bonsai tree means the tree is sickly. The simple truth is that nowadays, simply because our hobby is obtaining so preferred, you’ll be able to obtain several low cost resources, meaning you get a powerful, wholesome tree at a fraction on the regular cost!
There are several topics of bonsai that it’s needed to analysis. Most individuals in the West merely want a nicely created tree that is suitable for their climate and has certain leaf colours and flower or fruit specifications.
But there is a bit additional symbolism in Japanese bonsai. (Just as there is symbolism in western flowers, that most lay people today don’t know about.)
Bonsai cultivators acquire these trees in distinct ways – either by utilizing methods for example cuttings, air layering, and grafting which use currently existing trees, or by buying seeds for planting. Now, any long-time reader of my newsletter will let you know that I’m not a massive fan of newbies (or even far more superior hobbyists) starting their trees from seed. These days, there are simply too numerous other inexpensive choices on the market for starting a brand new specimen, to include beginning a tree from a cutting. Getting mentioned that, it is a frequently asked question; so let’s cover the fundamentals.
If you had been considering attempting your hand at bonsai, the 1st thing you have to do is get your fingers on some excellent resources pertaining to soil, fertilizer, water, pots, and so forth.
Additionally, you would like to set yourself up for success in the beginning by selecting the best sort of tree. To help get you started, now we have provided details on some fantastic considerations for the first bonsai tree.
If you had been considering attempting your hand at bonsai, the 1st thing you have to do is get your fingers on some excellent resources pertaining to soil, fertilizer, water, pots, and so forth. Additionally, you would like to set yourself up for success in the beginning by selecting the best sort of tree. To help get you started, now we have provided details on some fantastic considerations for the first bonsai tree.
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MAPLE TREES: Maple trees are large, deciduous trees that grow throughout the world. In the United States, they are more common in the northern states. Many people know maple trees for their spectacular fall color. * Bloodgood Japanese Maple
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If you are looking to learn all you need to know about Bonsai, how to plant a Bonsai tree, trees for Bonsai, grow and maintain trees for Bonsai, then "The Art of Japanese Bonsai Trees - How to Grow and Train Dwarf Trees like a Bonsai Master" by Bonsai master Kan Yashiroda and various contributing expert authors and newly edited with many new illustrations by Sam Gardener is the book for you.[/random]
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